Electronics circuit calculation > AVR USART Baud rate calculation.


USART The Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous serial Receiver and Transmitter (USART) is a highly flexible serial communication device. The main features are:
  • Full Duplex Operation (Independent Serial Receive and Transmit Registers)
  • Asynchronous or Synchronous Operation
  • Master or Slave Clocked Synchronous Operation
  • High Resolution Baud Rate Generator
  • Supports Serial Frames with 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 Data Bits and 1 or 2 Stop Bits
  • Odd or Even Parity Generation and Parity Check Supported by Hardware
  • Data OverRun Detection
  • Framing Error Detection
  • Noise Filtering Includes False Start Bit Detection and Digital Low Pass Filter
  • Three Separate Interrupts on TX Complete, TX Data Register Empty, and RX Complete
  • Multi-processor Communication Mode
  • Double Speed Asynchronous Communication Mode


AVR uart diagram
Equations for calculating baud rate
U2X = 0UBRR = [Fosc / 16 x Baud Rate] - 1
U2X = 1UBRR = [Fosc / 8 x Baud Rate] - 1
SynchronousUBRR = [Fosc / 2 x Baud Rate] - 1
Where Fosc = System oscillator clock frequency.

Fosc =  MHz
U2X  U2X=0    U2X=1
  Synchronous Master Mode